Formal
Breakdowns in deductive structure where the conclusion does not follow from the form.
13 entries
Taxonomy categories
Categories are diagnostic tags for the main way reasoning goes wrong, not topic labels or ideologies. Unlike families, they are not exclusive, so one fallacy can sit in several categories at once.
Mathematical
Missteps involving probability, statistics, scope, quantity, or numerical expectations.
11 entries
Causal
Faulty claims about what caused what, or what causal link has actually been shown.
10 entries
Linguistic
Confusion created by wording, ambiguity, framing, or unstable definitions.
15 entries
Conceptual
Errors caused by bad categories, weak distinctions, or distorted conceptual boundaries.
51 entries
Evidential
Arguments that overstate what the evidence shows, ignore what is missing, or misuse support.
56 entries
Perceptual
Mistakes rooted in appearances, impressions, or the way something seems at first glance.
3 entries
Perspectival
Errors caused by the wrong vantage point, historical standpoint, or interpretive frame.
13 entries
Epistemic
Failures in belief management, confidence calibration, or standards for responsible belief.
10 entries
Tactical
Debate maneuvers that distract, derail, pressure, or strategically reroute the exchange.
30 entries
Emotional
Arguments that make feeling do the evidential work reasoning should have done.
17 entries